Explorations in America before Columbus

Helicobacter pylori in North and South America before Columbus.

We present a molecular epidemiologic study, based on an analysis of vacA, cagA and cag right end junction genotypes from 1042 Helicobacter pylori isolates, suggesting that H. pylori was present in the New World before Columbus. Eight Native Colombian and Alaskan strains possessed novel vacA and/or cagA gene structures and were more closely related to East Asian than to non-Asian H. pylori. Some...

Africans came before Columbus: Skeletal Evidence of African Olmecs in Ancient America

Genetic Footprints of Iberian Cattle in America 500 Years after the Arrival of Columbus

BACKGROUND American Creole cattle presumably descend from animals imported from the Iberian Peninsula during the period of colonization and settlement, through different migration routes, and may have also suffered the influence of cattle directly imported from Africa. The introduction of European cattle, which began in the 18th century, and later of Zebu from India, has threatened the survival...

ISS: Columbus.

In 2001, a total of 13 assembly and logistic flights to the ISS were made, using both Russian launchers and the Space Shuttle, including flights of the first European astronauts, payloads and Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules (MPLMs). Several US, Russian and Canadian elements have already been assembled in orbit and the fourth Expedition Crew is currently onboard. The cornerstone of ESA's contrib...

Shipwrecks in the Wake of Columbus

This section dwells on the remains of sixteenththrough eighteenth-century European shipping found in American. African. Asian. and Australian waters. The New World comes first and we open with the search for a Spanish treasure fleet of 1554. Our author is j. Barto Arnold m. marine archaeologist to the Texas Antiquities Committee. The site of one of these wrecks. probably the San Esteban. was th...